{"id":5526,"date":"2025-09-23T14:23:29","date_gmt":"2025-09-23T12:23:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.net\/antarctic-encyclopedia\/"},"modified":"2025-09-28T23:11:25","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T21:11:25","slug":"antarctic-encyclopedia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/antarctic-encyclopedia\/","title":{"rendered":"Antarctic Encyclopedia"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#454156&#8243; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;0%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;light&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; id=&#8221;intro&#8221; row_name=&#8221;Intro&#8221; color_overlay=&#8221;#0a0a0a&#8221; color_overlay_2=&#8221;#C02020&#8243; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;zoom-out-slow&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;top&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; centered_text=&#8221;true&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner top_padding_desktop=&#8221;2%&#8221; bottom_padding_desktop=&#8221;0&#8243; left_padding_desktop=&#8221;0&#8243; right_padding_desktop=&#8221;0&#8243; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade-in-from-bottom&#8221; animation_easing=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;advanced&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;4990&#8243; image_size=&#8221;full&#8221; max_width=&#8221;150%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;entrance&#8221; animation=&#8221;None&#8221; animation_movement_type=&#8221;transform_y&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;5px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;1%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; left_padding_phone=&#8221;0&#8243; constrain_group_6=&#8221;yes&#8221; right_padding_phone=&#8221;0&#8243; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; id=&#8221;actu&#8221; row_name=&#8221;Actualit\u00e9&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;0px&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; max_width=&#8221;700&#8243; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h1 class=\"home_intro_title\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"text-primary\" style=\"color: #ff5b00;\">The Polar Encyclopedia<\/span><\/h1>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; id=&#8221;seul_banquise&#8221; row_name=&#8221;Seul sur la banquise&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; top_margin=&#8221;0%&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;CONTENTS&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-bookmark-o&#8221; i_color=&#8221;custom&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; i_custom_color=&#8221;#FF6B1A&#8221;][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; accordion=&#8221;true&#8221; accordion_starting_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;ALONE ON THE ICE FLOE&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.net\/polar-encyclopedia\/?lang=en\">HUMAN ADAPTATION TO COLD<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.net\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-transmission-safety-rescue\/?lang=en\">COMMUNICATION \u2013 SAFETY \u2013 RESCUE<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.net\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-earths-atmosphere\/?lang=en\">THE EARTH&#8217;S ATMOSPHERE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.net\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-weather-forecasting-and-modeling\/?lang=en\">WEATHER FORECASTING AND MODELING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.net\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-the-polar-climate\/?lang=en\">THE POLAR CLIMATE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.net\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-the-solar-energy-balance\/?lang=en\">THE SOLAR ENERGY BALANCE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.net\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-greenhouse-effect\/?lang=en\">THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;ARCTIC ICE&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li>SEA ICE: MARINE ICE<\/li>\n<li>SATELLITES OBSERVE SEA ICE<\/li>\n<li>ICEBERGS: FRESHWATER ICE<\/li>\n<li>ICE: CLIMATE ARCHIVES<\/li>\n<li>GLACIATIONS AND LANDSCAPES<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;OCEAN AND MARINE LIFE&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li>THE ARCTIC AND OCEANIC CIRCULATION<\/li>\n<li>GENESIS OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN<\/li>\n<li>ARCTIC PLANKTON<\/li>\n<li>MARINE BIODIVERSITY AND FOOD WEB<\/li>\n<li>WHALES AND OTHER CETACEANS<\/li>\n<li>SEALS AND WALRUSES<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;TERRESTRIAL LIFE&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li>POLAR FLORA<\/li>\n<li>POLAR FAUNA<\/li>\n<li>THE POLAR BEAR<\/li>\n<li>ARCTIC BIRDS<\/li>\n<li>SPECIES EVOLUTION AND CLIMATE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li>GEOGRAPHY OF THE ARCTIC REGIONS<\/li>\n<li>GEOGRAPHIC NORTH POLE, MAGNETIC NORTH POLE<\/li>\n<li>WHO OWNS THE ARCTIC?<\/li>\n<li>THE EXPLORERS OF THE FAR NORTH<\/li>\n<li>THE INUIT<\/li>\n<li>OTHER PEOPLES OF THE FAR NORTH<\/li>\n<li>THE ARCTIC TODAY<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;HUMAN IMPACT&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/encyclopedie\/arctique\/7-impact-de-l-homme\/1-l-homme-et-la-biodiversite-arctique\">HUMANS AND ARCTIC BIODIVERSITY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/encyclopedie\/arctique\/7-impact-de-l-homme\/2-pollutions-en-arctique\">POLLUTION IN THE ARCTIC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/encyclopedie\/arctique\/7-impact-de-l-homme\/3-rechauffement-les-cycles-naturels\">WARMING: NATURAL CYCLES<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/encyclopedie\/arctique\/7-impact-de-l-homme\/4-l-augmentation-de-l-effet-de-serre\">THE INCREASE IN THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/encyclopedie\/arctique\/7-impact-de-l-homme\/5-les-consequences-du-rechauffement\">THE CONSEQUENCES OF WARMING<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;custom&#8221; column_margin_custom=&#8221;2px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;5\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">HUMAN ADAPTATION TO COLD<\/span><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][nectar_icon icon_family=&#8221;linea&#8221; icon_style=&#8221;shadow-bg&#8221; icon_color_type=&#8221;color_scheme&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;Accent-Color&#8221; open_new_tab=&#8221;true&#8221; icon_padding=&#8221;5px&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.polarpod.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/adaptation_homme_au_froid.pdf&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;40&#8243; icon_linea=&#8221;icon-basic-printer&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<div id=\"l-homme-un-animal-a-37-c\" class=\"grid pt-header flex-align-center\">\n<div class=\"col-m-8\">\n<h3 class=\"text-primary\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4991 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02_sch_01-300x300.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02_sch_01-300x300.gif 300w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02_sch_01-150x150.gif 150w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02_sch_01-200x200.gif 200w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02_sch_01-140x140.gif 140w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02_sch_01-100x100.gif 100w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02_sch_01-350x350.gif 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">HUMANS, AN ANIMAL AT 37 \u00b0C<\/span><\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>To live, humans must maintain an internal temperature close to 37\u00b0C. This is essential for the functioning of vital organs: heart, brain, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc. However, peripheral organs (skin, limbs&#8230;) can withstand excessive cold. But beware of frostbite (hands, feet) and internal cooling (hypothermia), which are very serious: the heart stops at 25\u00b0C!   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"un-chauffage-central-a-thermostat\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"text-primary\"><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">A CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM WITH A THERMOSTAT<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The body can fight against cold. Certain skin cells detect a drop in external temperature; immediately, shivers and tremors release energy, and one instinctively curls up to prevent heat loss. The body can also decrease blood flow under the skin and increase heat production (thermoregulation).<br \/>\nFood also helps resist cold (fats, hot drinks&#8230;).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pour-se-preserver-du-froid-il-faut-se-couvrir\" class=\"grid flex-row-reverse pt-header flex-align-center\">\n<div class=\"col-m-4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/uploads\/1.SEUL%20SUR%20LA%20BANQUISE\/02_sch_02.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"233\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-m-8\">\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"text-primary\"><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">TO PROTECT ONESELF FROM THE COLD, ONE MUST\u2026 COVER UP!<\/span><\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>Wind and humidity accentuate the effects of cold on the body, increasing heat loss. To protect oneself, the best insulator is warm, still air. Therefore, one must wear multiple layers of loose clothing and insulate oneself from the outside with a windbreaker; but without sweating to avoid humidity. Clothing must always be adapted to activities!   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"le-corps-peut-il-s-adapter-au-froid\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"text-primary\"><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">CAN THE BODY ADAPT TO COLD?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>During his solo walk towards the Pole, Jean-Louis Etienne endured extreme cold for weeks. Upon his return, his body temperature could drop to 35.5\u00b0C at rest, without consequences: a new equilibrium that allowed for energy savings! <\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_global_section id=&#8221;6550&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#454156&#8243; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;0%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;light&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; id=&#8221;intro&#8221; row_name=&#8221;Intro&#8221; color_overlay=&#8221;#0a0a0a&#8221; color_overlay_2=&#8221;#C02020&#8243; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;zoom-out-slow&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;top&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5526","page","type-page","status-publish"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5526"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6781,"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5526\/revisions\/6781"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}