{"id":8328,"date":"2026-02-04T22:48:44","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T21:48:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/polar-encyclopedia\/species-evolution-and-climate\/"},"modified":"2026-02-08T23:36:31","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T22:36:31","slug":"species-evolution-and-climate","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/species-evolution-and-climate\/","title":{"rendered":"SPECIES EVOLUTION AND CLIMATE"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#454156&#8243; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;0%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;light&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; 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right_padding_phone=&#8221;0&#8243; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; id=&#8221;actu&#8221; row_name=&#8221;Actualit\u00e9&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;0px&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; max_width=&#8221;700&#8243; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h1 class=\"home_intro_title\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"text-primary\" style=\"color: #ff5b00;\">The Polar Encyclopedia<\/span><\/h1>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;30px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; id=&#8221;ATMOSPHERE&#8221; row_name=&#8221;Seul sur la banquise&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; top_margin=&#8221;0%&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;CONTENTS&#8221; i_icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-bookmark-o&#8221; i_color=&#8221;custom&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221; add_icon=&#8221;true&#8221; i_custom_color=&#8221;#FF6B1A&#8221;][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;ALONE ON THE ICE PACK&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/\">HOW MAN COPES WITH THE COLD<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-transmission-safety-rescue\/\">COMMUNICATION \u2013 SAFETY \u2013 ELERGENCY ASSISTANCE<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-earths-atmosphere\/\">THE EARTH&#8217;S ATMOSPHERE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-weather-forecasting-and-modeling\/\">WEATHER FORECASTING AND MODELING<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-the-polar-climate\/\">THE POLAR CLIMATE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-the-solar-energy-balance\/\">THE SOLAR ENERGY BALANCE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-greenhouse-effect\/\">THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; accordion=&#8221;true&#8221; accordion_starting_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;ARCTIC ICE&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-sea-ice\/\">SEA ICE: MARINE ICE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/polar-encyclopedia-satellites-observe-the-sea-ice\/\">SATELLITES OBSERVE SEA ICE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/icebergs-frozen-fresh-water\/\">ICEBERGS: FROZEN FRESH WATER<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/ice-climate-archives\/\">THE ARCTIC ICE: CLIMATE ARCHIVES<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/ice-ages-and-landscapes\/\">ICE AGES AND LANDSCAPES<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;OCEAN AND MARINE LIFE&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/the-arctic-ocean-and-the-ocean-currents\/\">THE ARCTIC OCEAN AND THE OCEAN CURRENTS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/genesis-of-the-arctic-ocean\/\">GENESIS OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/arctic-plankton\/\">ARCTIC PLANKTON<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/oceanic-biodiversity-and-the-food-chain\/\">OCEANIC BIODIVERSITY AND THE FOOD CHAIN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/whales-and-other-cetaceans\/\">WHALES AND OTHER CETACEANS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/seals-and-walruses\/\">SEALS AND WALRUSES<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;TERRESTRIAL LIFE&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/arctic-flora\/\">ARCTIC FLORA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/arctic-fauna\/\">ARCTIC FAUNA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/the-polar-bear\/\">THE POLAR BEAR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/polar-encyclopedia\/arctic-birds\/\">ARCTIC BIRDS<\/a><\/li>\n<li>SPECIES EVOLUTION AND CLIMATE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li>GEOGRAPHY OF THE ARCTIC REGIONS<\/li>\n<li>GEOGRAPHIC NORTH POLE, MAGNETIC NORTH POLE<\/li>\n<li>WHO OWNS THE ARCTIC?<\/li>\n<li>THE EXPLORERS OF THE FAR NORTH<\/li>\n<li>THE INUIT<\/li>\n<li>OTHER PEOPLES OF THE FAR NORTH<\/li>\n<li>THE ARCTIC TODAY<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][toggles style=&#8221;default&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;][toggle color=&#8221;Default&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;default&#8221; heading_tag_functionality=&#8221;default&#8221; title=&#8221;HUMAN IMPACT&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/encyclopedie\/arctique\/7-impact-de-l-homme\/1-l-homme-et-la-biodiversite-arctique\">HUMANS AND ARCTIC BIODIVERSITY<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/encyclopedie\/arctique\/7-impact-de-l-homme\/2-pollutions-en-arctique\">POLLUTION IN THE ARCTIC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/encyclopedie\/arctique\/7-impact-de-l-homme\/3-rechauffement-les-cycles-naturels\">WARMING: NATURAL CYCLES<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/encyclopedie\/arctique\/7-impact-de-l-homme\/4-l-augmentation-de-l-effet-de-serre\">THE INCREASE IN THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/encyclopedie\/arctique\/7-impact-de-l-homme\/5-les-consequences-du-rechauffement\">THE CONSEQUENCES OF WARMING<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;custom&#8221; column_margin_custom=&#8221;2px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;5\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">EVOLUTION OF SPECIES AND CLIMATE<\/span><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; 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url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/EVOLUTION_CLIMATE.pdf&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;40&#8243; icon_linea=&#8221;icon-basic-printer&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;custom&#8221; column_margin_custom=&#8221;2px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-8321\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/28_sch_01-300x176.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"176\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; 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text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff5b00;\">ICE AGES AND WARMER PERIODS: HOW LIFE CHANGES<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Arctic flora and fauna are all well adapted to their extreme environment. Not only this but the climate in the Deep North has changed over the millennia, with a succession of ice ages (glaciation) and warmer periods, and Arctic flora and fauna have had to display a remarkable ability to adapt to changing climate patterns.<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;custom&#8221; column_margin_custom=&#8221;2px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff5b00;\">IN COLDER PERIODS, THE FORESTS PULL BACK<\/span><\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>About 7 million years ago, at the end of the Miocene, the climate in the Arctic regions became colder. As result, the abundant forests of broad-leaved species and conifers that covered much of Siberia and Alaska were gradually replaced by taiga. To the north of the forests, the tundra was born \u2013 a new and harsher milieu to which the species that inhabited the taiga and the high mountains simply had to adapt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-8322\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/28_sch_02-241x300.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"241\" height=\"300\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;custom&#8221; column_margin_custom=&#8221;2px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">REINDEER AND MUSK OX: DIFFERENT ORIGINS<\/span><\/h3>\n<div id=\"si-nombreux-pendant-le-court-ete\" class=\"grid pt-header flex-align-center\">\n<div class=\"col-m-8\">\n<div class=\"grid flex-justify-space-between\">\n<div class=\"col-l-8\">\n<div id=\"renne-et-boeuf-musque-venus-d-horizons-differents\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<p>The reindeer belongs to the cervidae, but the other members of this family today live in wooded regions. Biologists think the reindeer is descended from a cervida that lived in the boreal forests and then had to adapt to the open tundra terrain. The musk ox, on the other hand, is a member of the bovidae family, typically animals that live in exposed milieus (steppes, meadows, savannah). Its ancestors undoubtedly migrated from the steppes of Central Asia. Most of the Arctic animals originally inhabited the steppes of the forests.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">MAMMOTH, WOOLLY RHINO &amp; CO<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mammouths-rhinoceros-laineux-et-cie\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<p>When Prehistoric Man roamed the Earth, some 10,000 years ago, he had to share the Northern Hemisphere and its harsh climate with mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, sabre-toothed tigers and other large mammals. Biologists estimate that during that period some 30 to 40 species became extinct, possibly because of over-hunting but more probably because they were too slow to adapt to climate change.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_global_section id=&#8221;6550&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#454156&#8243; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;0%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;light&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; id=&#8221;intro&#8221; row_name=&#8221;Intro&#8221; color_overlay=&#8221;#0a0a0a&#8221; color_overlay_2=&#8221;#C02020&#8243; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;zoom-out-slow&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;top&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":5466,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8328","page","type-page","status-publish"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8328"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8328\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8333,"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8328\/revisions\/8333"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}