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icon_linea=\u00a0\u00bbicon-basic-printer\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">LES INUITS, PEUPLE DES RIVES DE L&rsquo;ARCTIQUE<\/span><\/h3>\n<div id=\"si-nombreux-pendant-le-court-ete\" class=\"grid pt-header flex-align-center\">\n<div class=\"col-m-8\">\n<div class=\"grid flex-justify-space-between\">\n<div class=\"col-l-8\">\n<div id=\"renne-et-boeuf-musque-venus-d-horizons-differents\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"une-mer-d-eau-libre-coiffe-t-elle-le-globe\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<p>Longtemps chasseurs p\u00eacheurs nomades, les Inuit sont aujourd\u2019hui s\u00e9dentaris\u00e9s. Ils sont plus de 125 000, r\u00e9partis en une quarantaine d\u2019ethnies sur un immense territoire recoupant l\u2019Alaska (\u00c9tats-Unis), le Canada, le Groenland (Danemark) et la Russie. Bien que s\u00e9par\u00e9s par de grandes distances, ils ont conserv\u00e9 une remarquable homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-8562\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/33_sch_01-300x149.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"149\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff5b00;\">INUIT OU ESQUIMAUX ?<\/span><\/h3>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>Le mot \u201cEsquimaux\u201d \u2013 \u201cmangeurs de viande crue\u201d dans la langue des Indiens Algonkins \u2013 a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 par les colons fran\u00e7ais, au XVIIe si\u00e8cle. Aujourd\u2019hui, on utilise les noms locaux (Yupik, Inupiat\u2026) ou l\u2019appellation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d\u2019Inuit (ou Inuk au singulier), \u201cles Hommes\u201d, comme l\u2019a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re Conf\u00e9rence inter Inuit (CCI, Alaska,1977).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff5b00;\">PARFAITEMENT ADAPT\u00c9S AU CLIMAT<\/span><\/h3>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>Les Inuit ont appris \u00e0 utiliser ce que leur offre leur environnement difficile : animaux polaires, glace, pierres. Leur alimentation faite de graisses et de viande de phoques riches en fer et vitamine A, les aide \u00e0 r\u00e9sister au froid. Mais leur v\u00e9ritable adaptation est culturelle : v\u00eatements, raquettes, tra\u00eeneaux, kayaks, strat\u00e9gies de chasse, etc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-8563\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/33_sch_02-273x300.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"273\" height=\"300\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">ENTRE TRADITION ET MODERNIT\u00c9<\/span><\/h3>\n<div id=\"si-nombreux-pendant-le-court-ete\" class=\"grid pt-header flex-align-center\">\n<div class=\"col-m-8\">\n<div class=\"grid flex-justify-space-between\">\n<div class=\"col-l-8\">\n<div id=\"renne-et-boeuf-musque-venus-d-horizons-differents\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"plusieurs-poles-nord-plusieurs-poles-sud\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"le-partage-de-l-ocean-arctique\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"entre-tradition-et-modernite\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<p>Chasse et p\u00eache demeurent la base de la civilisation Inuit. Ils consid\u00e8rent, en retour, la nature avec respect. Mais aujourd\u2019hui, la confrontation avec le monde moderne est difficile (suicides, alcoolisme\u2026).Journaux en langue inuit, Internet, moyens techniques (motoneiges, avions\u2026) les aident cependant \u00e0 b\u00e2tir leur avenir. Au Canada, les Inuit g\u00e8rent un territoire autonome, le Nunavut, depuis 1999.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"le-detroit-de-bering-carrefour-des-premiers-esquimaux\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">LE D\u00c9TROIT DE B\u00c9RING, CARREFOUR DES PREMIERS ESQUIMAUX<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Il y a environ 5 000 ans, plusieurs peuplements humains se sont \u00e9tablis de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9 du d\u00e9troit de B\u00e9ring, libre de glace. Cette r\u00e9gion a en effet attir\u00e9 des chasseurs de diff\u00e9rentes origines, en raison de la richesse de sa faune maritime et terrestre ; et c\u2019est l\u00e0 que l\u2019on retrouve les premiers vestiges des anc\u00eatres des Esquimaux.<br \/>\n1000 ans plus tard, les calottes de glace du continent am\u00e9ricain ont fondu. Les anciens chasseurs de la B\u00e9ringie migrent alors vers le sud de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique et le long du littoral arctique, jusqu\u2019au Groenland.<br \/>\nEn pr\u00e9histoire, le terme \u201ceskimo\u201d se rapporte aux vestiges, traces, fossiles qui t\u00e9moignent de \u201cchasseurs adapt\u00e9s aux ressources c\u00f4ti\u00e8res de l\u2019Arctique\u201d. On d\u00e9crit ainsi deux grandes p\u00e9riodes et cultures arctiques pr\u00e9historiques : le Pal\u00e9oEsquimau et le N\u00e9oEsquimau.<br \/>\nC\u2019est cette seconde branche qui s\u2019est \u00e9tendue \u00e0 tout l\u2019Arctique, qui est \u00e0 l\u2019origine des Inuit modernes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"un-mode-de-vie-traditionnel-la-chasse\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">UN MODE DE VIE TRADITIONNEL : LA CHASSE<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 il y a une trentaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, les Inuit tiraient de la chasse, non seulement leur nourriture, mais aussi les mat\u00e9riaux pour fabriquer leurs outils, construire leurs logements, confectionner leurs v\u00eatements. Leur mode de vie leur permettait de tirer leur subsistance du milieu naturel, suffisant mais fragile, sans le d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibrer.<br \/>\nL\u2019hiver, les Inuit chassaient les mammif\u00e8res marins (phoques, morse, c\u00e9tac\u00e9s). Pendant l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9, ils se d\u00e9pla\u00e7aient vers l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des terres pour abattre le caribou, p\u00eacher les poissons d\u2019eau douce, attraper des oiseaux, ramasser des \u0153ufs, cueillir baies et herbes.<br \/>\nLes hommes chassaient, fabriquaient les outils, construisaient les kayaks; les femmes, elles, pr\u00e9paraient les peaux, confectionnaient les v\u00eatements, faisaient s\u00e9cher la viande, s\u2019occupaient des enfants, p\u00eachaient, ramassaient lichens et algues, etc. Le jeu faisait aussi largement partie de la vie (osselets, bilboquet, contes, danses\u2026).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"la-chasse-aux-caribous\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">LA CHASSE AUX CARIBOUS<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Dans le caribou, tout est utilis\u00e9 : la viande bien s\u00fbr, mais aussi la peau (v\u00eatements, couvertures, tentes, kayaks) ; celle du front, r\u00e9sistante et dure, sert pour les semelles, celle du ventre, pour les bas souples ; un parka n\u00e9cessitait quatre peaux et les pantalons deux autres). Avec les bois on fabriquait des outils, avec les tendons, du fil \u00e0 coudre, avec la graisse, le combustible des lampes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">LA CHASSE AUX MAMMIF\u00c8RES MARINS<\/span><\/h3>\n<div id=\"si-nombreux-pendant-le-court-ete\" class=\"grid pt-header flex-align-center\">\n<div class=\"col-m-8\">\n<div class=\"grid flex-justify-space-between\">\n<div class=\"col-l-8\">\n<div id=\"renne-et-boeuf-musque-venus-d-horizons-differents\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"plusieurs-poles-nord-plusieurs-poles-sud\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"le-partage-de-l-ocean-arctique\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"entre-tradition-et-modernite\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"la-chasse-aux-mammiferes-marins\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<p>Cette activit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessitait un v\u00e9ritable travail d\u2019\u00e9quipe pour le rep\u00e9rage, la traque, le d\u00e9pouillage\u2026 L\u2019hiver, les chiens, \u00e0 l\u2019odeur, localisaient les trous de respiration dans la banquise, que les chasseurs surveillaient. D\u00e8s qu\u2019un phoque se montrait, il \u00e9tait harponn\u00e9.<br \/>\nAu printemps, les animaux \u00e9taient abattus lorsqu\u2019ils se pr\u00e9lassaient au soleil. En \u00e9t\u00e9, ils \u00e9taient chass\u00e9s en eau libre avec les kayaks.<br \/>\nLe phoque \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s recherch\u00e9 car sa viande est tr\u00e8s nourrissante. Mais aussi pour sa peau, imperm\u00e9able et ses os. De la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on, lorsque les Inuit abattaient une baleine, pratiquement tout l\u2019animal \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9 pour se nourrir, se chauffer, s\u2019\u00e9clairer (graisse). M\u00eame les fanons \u00e9taient transform\u00e9s en arcs et les os utilis\u00e9s dans la fabrication des tra\u00eeneaux.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"l-organisation-sociale-des-inuit-un-reseau-solidaire\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">L&rsquo;ORGANISATION SOCIALE DES INUIT : UN R\u00c9SEAU SOLIDAIRE<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Les groupes Inuit \u00e9taient compos\u00e9s de plusieurs familles. Durant sa vie, un Inuk pouvait ne rencontrer que quelques centaines de personnes, le plus souvent li\u00e9es \u00e0 lui par une sorte de r\u00e9seau de solidarit\u00e9. Plus ce r\u00e9seau \u00e9tait \u00e9tendu, plus grandes \u00e9taient les chances de survie individuelle. La cellule familiale \u00e9tait form\u00e9e d\u2019un couple, de leurs enfants non mari\u00e9s et parfois d\u2019une m\u00e8re ou d\u2019une s\u0153ur veuve. L\u2019homme actif le plus \u00e2g\u00e9 \u00e9tait le porte-parole de la famille.<br \/>\nLe rassemblement de plusieurs familles en groupe de chasse constituait le deuxi\u00e8me niveau de l\u2019organisation sociale. Les d\u00e9cisions \u00e9taient prises en commun. La taille du groupe de chasse d\u00e9pendait de la richesse de la r\u00e9gion et si la nourriture venait \u00e0 manquer, le groupe se scindait en unit\u00e9s plus petites.<br \/>\nLes Inuit utilisaient de nombreux moyens pour renforcer la coh\u00e9sion du groupe : le mariage \u201carrang\u00e9\u201d d\u00e8s l\u2019enfance (m\u00eame si le mariage n\u2019avait pas lieu, les parents des enfants promis l\u2019un \u00e0 l\u2019autre \u00e9taient d\u00e9sormais unis par un lien de parent\u00e9), l\u2019\u00e9change de conjoints, l\u2019adoption d\u2019un enfant. Les enfants qui recevaient le nom d\u2019une autre personne du groupe d\u00e9pendaient \u00e0 la fois de leur famille et de celle de la personne dont ils portaient le nom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"une-education-douce-dans-un-pays-rude\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">UNE \u00c9DUCATION DOUCE DANS UN PAYS RUDE<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>La famille traditionnelle inuit traitait les enfants avec douceur et patience. Frapper les enfants ou les r\u00e9primander n\u2019\u00e9tait pas acceptable. Imitation et exp\u00e9rimentation constituaient les meilleures m\u00e9thodes d\u2019apprentissage et la plupart des connaissances se transmettaient oralement. Les Inuit consid\u00e9raient la g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 \u2013 que l\u2019on r\u00e9compensait -, la douceur et la gentillesse comme d\u2019excellents traits de caract\u00e8re.<br \/>\nLa soci\u00e9t\u00e9 reposant sur la coop\u00e9ration de tous ses membres, ces qualit\u00e9s \u00e9taient indispensables. Il \u00e9tait honteux de se mettre en col\u00e8re car un geste impulsif pouvait menacer la survie de la communaut\u00e9. Les pressions sociales servaient de guide \u00e9ducatif. Les mouvements d\u2019humeur \u00e9taient ridiculis\u00e9s. L\u2019une des punitions les plus s\u00e9v\u00e8res \u00e9tait de manifester moins d\u2019affection \u00e0 un enfant. La mise au ban, dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bas\u00e9e sur la coh\u00e9sion du groupe, constituait une grande menace.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"les-adaptations-au-froid-des-peuples-du-nord\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">LES ADAPTATIONS AU FROID DES PEUPLES DU NORD<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Les Inuit se sont adapt\u00e9s, tant techniquement que culturellement , dans ce milieu extr\u00eame. Mais des adaptations physiologiques sont \u00e9galement apparues au cours des mill\u00e9naires. Ainsi le corps des Inuit est plus trapu, les mains et les pieds sont plus petits, le visage est plus rond et plus \u201caplati\u201d que chez les peuples des r\u00e9gions temp\u00e9r\u00e9es. Tous ces caract\u00e8res les aident \u00e0 diminuer les d\u00e9perditions de chaleur. Il semble \u00e9galement que leur m\u00e9tabolisme de base soit plus \u00e9lev\u00e9. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une exceptionnelle capillarit\u00e9, leur r\u00e9gulation sanguine maintient aussi un bon \u00e9quilibre entre le c\u0153ur et les extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s du corps. Enfin, leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire est particuli\u00e8rement bien adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 leur mode de vie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"une-alimentation-adaptee-au-froid\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">UNE ALIMENTATION ADAPT\u00c9E AU FROID<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Depuis 1945, le contact des Inuit avec le monde moderne a provoqu\u00e9 une augmentation de la proportion de glucide dans leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire. Mais, pour eux, la \u201cvraie nourriture\u201d \u2013 tir\u00e9e de l\u2019environnement \u2013 demeure la plus pris\u00e9e. Pour les 2\/3 de la population qui vivent de la chasse, pr\u00e8s de 80% des calories proviennent encore des ressources locales (mammif\u00e8res marins). En hiver, le phoque annel\u00e9 constitue la principale ressource en viande fra\u00eeche. En \u00e9t\u00e9, les ressources sont plus diverses : les mammif\u00e8res migrateurs (phoque \u00e0 capuchon, phoque du Groenland, narval, b\u00e9louga, baleine franche) procurent des exc\u00e9dents que l\u2019on stocke pour l\u2019hiver; phoque barbu, morse, ours polaire, poissons (chabot, omble chevalier, saumon, morue polaire) constituent d\u2019excellentes sources de calories.<br \/>\nLes nutritionnistes se sont longtemps demand\u00e9s comment le r\u00e9gime alimentaire des Inuit, tr\u00e8s riche en prot\u00e9ines animales, pouvait \u00eatre viable : l\u2019exc\u00e8s d\u2019azote associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la consommation de viande entra\u00eene en effet de s\u00e9rieux troubles caus\u00e9s par certains r\u00e9sidus m\u00e9taboliques (acide urique). En fait, la graisse des mammif\u00e8res marins, mang\u00e9e en m\u00eame temps que la viande maigre, leur \u00e9vite une surconsommation de viande. De plus, \u201cl\u2019essentiel des lipides ing\u00e9r\u00e9s, provenant des mammif\u00e8res marins et des poissons, contient une forte proportion d\u2019acides gras insatur\u00e9s qui ont peu d\u2019incidence sur le taux de cholest\u00e9rol\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">INUIT ET MODERNIT\u00c9<\/span><\/h3>\n<div id=\"si-nombreux-pendant-le-court-ete\" class=\"grid pt-header flex-align-center\">\n<div class=\"col-m-8\">\n<div class=\"grid flex-justify-space-between\">\n<div class=\"col-l-8\">\n<div id=\"renne-et-boeuf-musque-venus-d-horizons-differents\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"plusieurs-poles-nord-plusieurs-poles-sud\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"le-partage-de-l-ocean-arctique\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"entre-tradition-et-modernite\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"la-chasse-aux-mammiferes-marins\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"inuit-et-modernite\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<p>Pour les Inuit, le passage de la vie traditionnelle \u00e0 la vie moderne a \u00e9t\u00e9 soudain : une trentaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Aujourd\u2019hui ils ne vivent plus comme leurs grands-parents : les kayaks ont presque disparu au profit des barques \u00e0 moteur; les maisons de bois remplacent les igloo de neige ou de terre; le fusil, le harpon ; le scooter des neiges, le tra\u00eeneau \u00e0 chiens.<br \/>\nIls vivent dans de v\u00e9ritables villages (\u00e9tablissements), peupl\u00e9s d&rsquo;\u201d\u00e9trangers\u201d. L\u00e0, le travail est r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9 et l\u2019on re\u00e7oit des aides individuelles. Cette transformation d\u00e9chire surtout les jeunes, chez qui frustration et d\u00e9pression g\u00e9n\u00e8rent des maux inconnus jusqu\u2019alors : alcoolisme, suicide, violence, d\u00e9linquance\u2026<br \/>\nPourtant, le sens de la \u201cfamille \u00e9tendue\u201d, les liens avec la nature (y compris quelques souvenirs de chamanisme), le besoin de discussion lors des prises de d\u00e9cisions, la pratique d\u2019activit\u00e9s traditionnelles (jeux sportifs\u2026), le d\u00e9sir de parler la langue des anc\u00eatres perdurent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"l-inuktitut-langue-inuit\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">L&rsquo;INUKTITUT, LANGAGE INUIT<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>La langue des Inuit a \u00e9t\u00e9 parl\u00e9e sans jamais \u00eatre \u00e9crite jusqu\u2019aux XVIIIe et XIXe si\u00e8cles, \u00e9poque o\u00f9 les missionnaires sont arriv\u00e9s dans le Grand Nord. C\u2019est une langue dite agglutinante, o\u00f9 les id\u00e9es \u2013 les mots \u2013 qui pourraient former une phrase sont accol\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d\u2019un mot-souche; par exemple \u201cNous voulons vraiment construire une grande maison\u201d se dit iglualuliurumatsiaqtugut , maison-grande-construire-voulons-vraiment-nous.<br \/>\nC\u2019est une langue tr\u00e8s riche pour tout ce qui touche la nature et ses \u00e9l\u00e9ments. Ainsi, une douzaine de mots servent \u00e0 d\u00e9finir la neige, car sa qualit\u00e9 varie en fonction des conditions atmosph\u00e9riques.<br \/>\nIl n\u2019existe pas une seule langue Inuit, mais de nombreux dialectes \u00e0 cause de la large distribution g\u00e9ographique de ce peuple et des difficult\u00e9s de communication. Mais tous ces dialectes sont compr\u00e9hensibles par l\u2019ensemble des Inuit.<br \/>\nAujourd\u2019hui, il n\u2019y a pas de langue \u00e9crite commune ; trois alphabets sont utilis\u00e9s : le cyrillique en Russie, le \u201cromain\u201d dans les pays occidentaux et une \u00e9criture particuli\u00e8re, (\u201csignes\u201d syllabique) \u00e9labor\u00e9e voici pr\u00e8s d\u2019un si\u00e8cle par un pr\u00eatre Canadien, de plus en plus r\u00e9pandue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"l-art-inuit-aujourd-hui\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">L&rsquo;ART INUIT AUJOURD&rsquo;HUI<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, en Am\u00e9rique, chaque village inuit poss\u00e8de une coop\u00e9rative, qui ach\u00e8te peaux et produits artisanaux, en particulier les c\u00e9l\u00e8bres sculptures sur ivoire de morse, os de baleine, cornes de caribou ou de b\u0153uf musqu\u00e9, ou encore st\u00e9atite (\u201cpierre \u00e0 savon\u201d). Mais, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 nous ne percevons qu\u2019un souci esth\u00e9tique, les artistes Inuit suivent une d\u00e9marche spirituelle (animiste) :\u00a0\u201cils \u00e9coutent la pierre pour entendre l\u2019image qu\u2019elle enferme leur r\u00e9v\u00e9ler sa forme\u201d\u00a0(M. Noel).<br \/>\nJe ne suis qu\u2019une pierre.<br \/>\nJe souhaite devenir de l\u2019argent.<br \/>\nVoil\u00e0 pourquoi je pars en visite.<br \/>\nMessage sur pierre , sculpture d\u2019un Inuit d\u2019Ivujivik (baie d\u2019Hudson), Tivi Paningayak (1990)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"vers-la-reconnaissance-d-une-nation-inuit\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">VERS LA RECONNAISSANCE D&rsquo;UNE NATION INUIT<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pour les Inuit, une des plus grandes difficult\u00e9s d\u2019entente avec le monde occidental \u2013 inventeur de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re \u2013 est leur notion de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 collective d\u2019un territoire :\u00a0\u201cC\u2019est l\u00e0 que nous vivons tous; la terre nous appartient donc \u00e0 tous. Ce qui rend ainsi inutiles les diff\u00e9rents de voisinage\u2026\u201d<br \/>\nPour eux, les ressources du sous-sol ou les ressources maritimes \u2013 quel que soit l\u2019Etat dont ils font partie \u2013 appartiennent \u00e0 tous, malgr\u00e9 leur \u00e9parpillement sur d\u2019immenses \u00e9tendues. Et ils affirment avec force :\u00a0\u201cNous sommes un peuple pacifique qui croit (\u2026) que l\u2019humanit\u00e9 est constitu\u00e9e d\u2019une myriade de civilisations et de nations, qui, ensemble, peuvent g\u00e9n\u00e9rer l\u2019espoir et conf\u00e9rer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Vie elle-m\u00eame.\u201d\u00a0(Aqqaluk Lynge).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">UN BREF HISTORIQUE DU PEUPLE INUIT<\/span><\/h3>\n<div id=\"si-nombreux-pendant-le-court-ete\" class=\"grid pt-header flex-align-center\">\n<div class=\"col-m-8\">\n<div class=\"grid flex-justify-space-between\">\n<div class=\"col-l-8\">\n<div id=\"renne-et-boeuf-musque-venus-d-horizons-differents\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"plusieurs-poles-nord-plusieurs-poles-sud\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"le-partage-de-l-ocean-arctique\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"entre-tradition-et-modernite\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"la-chasse-aux-mammiferes-marins\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"vers-la-reconnaissance-d-une-nation-inuit\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"un-bref-historique-du-peuple-inuit\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<p>D\u00e8s 1969, sous l\u2019impulsion de Jean Malaurie, la premi\u00e8re rencontre internationale d\u2019Inuit du Canada, d\u2019Alaska et du Groenland s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e en France.<br \/>\nEn 1962, au Canada, les Inuit acqui\u00e8rent le droit de vote et en 1971 et cr\u00e9ent l\u2019Inuit Tapirisat du Canada (ITC), une association charg\u00e9e de faire entendre leur voix (\u00e9conomie, protection de l\u2019environnement, enseignement, etc.)<br \/>\nPendant ce temps, en Alaska, Inuit, Am\u00e9rindiens et gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral adoptent l\u2019Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA).<br \/>\nEn 1966, au Canada, la Convention de la Baie James et du nord Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois est sign\u00e9e par les Inuit du Nunavik et les Indiens Cree, autorisant \u201cla mise en valeur industrielle de leur territoire\u201d.<br \/>\nEn 1979, au Groenland, les Kalaallit obtiennent un gouvernement autonome (capitale, Nuuk). Dans un compromis unique en son genre, le peuple groenlandais a ainsi retrouv\u00e9 sa terre, bien que l\u2019\u00e9ventuelle gestion des min\u00e9raux demeure partag\u00e9e \u2013 avec un double droit de veto \u2013 avec le Danemark.<br \/>\nLe 28 juin 1980, les Inuit am\u00e9ricains, canadiens et groenlandais, r\u00e9unis \u00e0 Nuuk, cr\u00e9ent leur premi\u00e8re organisation internationale : la Conf\u00e9rence Circumpolaire Inuit (CCI), officiellement reconnue en 1983 par les Nations Unies; les Yupik de Sib\u00e9rie \u2013 constitu\u00e9s en association depuis 1990 \u2013 les ont rejoint.<br \/>\nEn 1984, les Inuvialuit du delta du Mackenzie signent \u00e0 leur tour un accord comparable \u00e0 celui de la baie James.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"le-nunavut-notre-pays\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">LE NUNAVUT : \u00ab\u00a0NOTRE PAYS\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Depuis le 1er avril 1999, le Nunavut, \u201cnotre pays\u201d en Inuit, est cr\u00e9\u00e9 (capitale :Iqaluit ). Cet immense territoire couvre pr\u00e8s de 2 millions de km2 \u2013 1\/5 du Canada \u2013 et est peupl\u00e9 par 22 000 \u00e2mes (85% d\u2019Inuit). Depuis, la majorit\u00e9 des Inuit canadiens ont leur propre gouvernement (dans le respect de la Constitution canadienne), un droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 sur 350 OOO km2 de terre \u2013 dont 36 000 incluent des droits sur les min\u00e9raux -, un droit de chasse, de p\u00eache et de co-gestion sur le reste du territoire (les \u201cterres publiques\u201d, inhabit\u00e9es ) ; ils re\u00e7oivent aussi, sur 14 ans et outre les royalties des exploitations, plus de 1 milliard de dollars canadiens. En contrepartie, les Inuit renoncent \u00e0 leurs revendications territoriales ancestrales sur le reste du Nunavut, qui demeurera propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du Canada.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"vers-un-marche-commun-inuit\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">VERS UN MARCH\u00c9 COMMUN INUIT<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Le Groenland (60 000 habitants sur une superficie de 4 fois la France) a refus\u00e9 d\u2019adh\u00e9rer au March\u00e9 Commun Europ\u00e9en (CEE). Les Kalaallit, par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum, \u00e9chaud\u00e9s par la colonisation danoise, n\u2019ont pas souhait\u00e9 \u00eatre soumis aux lois des quotas europ\u00e9ens de p\u00eache.<br \/>\nExclus des \u00e9conomies nationales dont ils d\u00e9pendent, les Inuit s\u2019organisent alors pour mettre sur pied une zone de libre \u00e9change entre les territoires qu\u2019ils occupent, de la Russie au Groenland : plus de fronti\u00e8res pour les investissements, ni pour la coop\u00e9ration industrielle, et libre circulation des biens et des personnes. En tentant de constituer cette zone polaire unifi\u00e9e, les Inuit, riches d\u2019une longue tradition d\u2019\u00e9changes, lancent \u00e9galement un d\u00e9fi : reprendre l\u2019usufruit des terres que les \u201cpuissances du Sud\u201d se sont jadis partag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"quelques-chiffres\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">QUELQUES CHIFFRES<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>On compte :<br \/>\n30 000 Inuit au Canada,<br \/>\n44 000 Inupiaq et Yupik en Alaska (Etats-Unis),<br \/>\n50 000 Kalaallit au Groenland (Danemark),<br \/>\n1 200 Yuit en Sib\u00e9rie (Russie).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">LE SAVIEZ-VOUS ?<\/span><\/h3>\n<div id=\"si-nombreux-pendant-le-court-ete\" class=\"grid pt-header flex-align-center\">\n<div class=\"col-m-8\">\n<div class=\"grid flex-justify-space-between\">\n<div class=\"col-l-8\">\n<div id=\"renne-et-boeuf-musque-venus-d-horizons-differents\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"plusieurs-poles-nord-plusieurs-poles-sud\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"le-partage-de-l-ocean-arctique\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"entre-tradition-et-modernite\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"la-chasse-aux-mammiferes-marins\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"vers-la-reconnaissance-d-une-nation-inuit\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"un-bref-historique-du-peuple-inuit\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div id=\"le-saviez-vous\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<p>\u2013 Parka est un mot inuit alaskien et anorak, un mot inuit canadien.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Les Inuit ont \u00e9t\u00e9 parmi les peuples les plus photographi\u00e9s de la plan\u00e8te. Nanuk l\u2019Esquimau \u2013 portrait d\u2019un Inuk dans sa vie quotidienne \u2013 est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le premier film documentaire de l\u2019histoire du cin\u00e9ma. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 tourn\u00e9 en 1922 par Robert Flaherty et connut un succ\u00e8s international, qui r\u00e9v\u00e9la les Inuit au monde entier.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Pour les Inuit, l\u2019Europ\u00e9en, trop instable, trop inquiet, est un tukuma, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire quelqu\u2019un qui a trop \u00e0 faire.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Le premier film Inuit est sortie en France en f\u00e9vrier 2002 : Atanarjuat, La l\u00e9gende de l\u2019Homme rapide (Z. Kunuk); prim\u00e9 \u00e0 Cannes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pour-aller-plus-loin\" class=\"grid flex-row-reverse pt-header flex-align-center\">\n<div class=\"col-m-4\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231207062659im_\/https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/uploads\/6.HISTOIRE%20ET%20G%C3%89OGRAPHIE\/5.%20Les%20inuits\/affiche.jpg\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-m-8\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">POUR ALLER PLUS LOIN &#8230;<\/span><\/h3>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">BIBLIOGRAPHIE<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Peuples des Grands Nords, Traditions et transitions \u2013 Collectif dirig\u00e9 par AV Charrin, J.M. Lacroix et M. Therrien, Presse de la Sorbonne Nouvelle \/INLCO, 1995<\/li>\n<li>Handbook of North American Indians \u2013 David Damas \u2013 Smithsonian Institution \u2013 1984<\/li>\n<li>Ignacio Ramonet \u2013 Le Monde Diplomatique \u2013 1989<\/li>\n<li>P.Robbe \u2013 Science et Avenir<\/li>\n<li>People of Arctic \u2013 National Geographic \u2013 vol.163 n\u00b02 \u2013 f\u00e9vrier 1983<\/li>\n<li>Arctique Horizon 2000, Les peuples chasseurs et \u00e9leveurs, direction J. Malaurie \u2013 \u00c9ditions du CNRS, 1991<\/li>\n<li>L\u2019aventure polaire, cinq si\u00e8cles de pr\u00e9sence fran\u00e7aise, P.Av\u00e9rous, Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle\/Exp\u00e9ditions Polaires Fran\u00e7aises \u2013 1997<\/li>\n<li>Les derniers rois de Thul\u00e9 \u2013 Jean Malaurie, Collection Terres Humaines \u2013 Plon, 1955<\/li>\n<li>Ultima Thul\u00e9 \u2013 Jean Malaurie, 1990<\/li>\n<li>Inuit, Histoire de la Conf\u00e9rence Circumpolaire Inuit, A. Lynge \u2013 Atuakkiorfik -1993<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">FILMOGRAPHIE<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Inuit, du Groenland \u00e0 la Sib\u00e9rie \u2013 Jean Malaurie \u2013 (La cinq \u2013 Teva Victor)<\/li>\n<li>Between two worlds \u2013 1990 \u2013 documentaire (ARTE)<\/li>\n<li>Nanuk, l\u2019esquimau \u2013 1922 \u2013 Robert Flaherty<\/li>\n<li>Atanarjuat, la l\u00e9gende de l\u2019homme rapide \u2013 Zacharias Kunuk \u2013 2002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>AUTRES SITES \u00c0 VISITER<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inuit.org\/\">http:\/\/www.inuit.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_gallery css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bbflexslider_style\u00a0\u00bb images=\u00a0\u00bb8564,8565,8566,8567,8568,8569,8570&Prime; onclick=\u00a0\u00bblink_no\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; 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