{"id":8811,"date":"2026-02-24T11:42:05","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T10:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/?page_id=8811"},"modified":"2026-03-03T15:09:40","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T14:09:40","slug":"axes-de-recherche","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/perseverance\/axes-de-recherche\/","title":{"rendered":"Axes de recherche"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb#454156″ scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb 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Antarctique 2026 : Axes de recherche<\/span><\/h1>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bb30px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb id=\u00a0\u00bbATMOSPHERE\u00a0\u00bb row_name=\u00a0\u00bbSeul sur la banquise\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb 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soutenus<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oc\u00e9anographie<\/em>Le Service National d\u2019Observation de la Salinit\u00e9 de Surface (SNO SSS), coordonn\u00e9 par le LEGOS (OMP, Toulouse) avec le soutien de l\u2019IRD, s\u2019appuie sur les campagnes du voilier pour suivre la salinit\u00e9 des oc\u00e9ans, un param\u00e8tre cl\u00e9 du climat. En partenariat avec Oceano Vox et l\u2019Ifremer, des donn\u00e9es sont \u00e9galement collect\u00e9es sur les courants marins et leur \u00e9volution. Par ailleurs, dans le cadre du programme PlanktoSpace (ESA \u2013 NASA \u2013 CNRS \u2013 Universit\u00e9 du Maine), les mesures optiques r\u00e9alis\u00e9es en mer permettent d\u2019\u00e9talonner les observations satellitaires.Biodiversit\u00e9<\/em>Le programme participatif Plankton Planet (CNRS \u2013 Sorbonne Universit\u00e9) s\u2019appuie sur le voilier pour collecter des donn\u00e9es sur la richesse et l\u2019\u00e9volution du microbiome oc\u00e9anique, en impliquant scientifiques et citoyens. Le voilier a \u00e9galement permis des missions de bioacoustique men\u00e9es par le CNRS et l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Toulon pour \u00e9couter et recenser les mammif\u00e8res marins au Svalbard.Polluants<\/em>Sous la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), le navire mesure les concentrations de polluants atmosph\u00e9riques comme le mercure, l\u2019ozone ou les oxydes d\u2019azote. Dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an, un dispositif d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par l\u2019Ifremer et l\u2019IRD permet de d\u00e9tecter la pr\u00e9sence de mercure dissous et de micropolluants, jusque dans les zones polaires.Mesures atmosph\u00e9riques<\/em>Un photom\u00e8tre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par le CNRS et l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Lille, int\u00e9gr\u00e9 au r\u00e9seau international AERONET coordonn\u00e9 par la NASA, permet de suivre les a\u00e9rosols. Des projets novateurs compl\u00e8tent ces mesures : CosmicSail (Astrolabe Expedition) d\u00e9tecte les particules cosmiques, tandis que le CNRS et l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Toulon m\u00e8nent des campagnes de bioacoustique pour \u00e9couter et recenser les mammif\u00e8res marins.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\"\"[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]Instruments permanents<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mesures atmosph\u00e9riques<\/em><\/p>\n

Le navire dispose d\u2019une station m\u00e9t\u00e9orologique Mercury (M\u00e9t\u00e9o France) qui mesure en continu\u202f:<\/p>\n

la temp\u00e9rature de l\u2019air et de la mer ;
\nla pression atmosph\u00e9rique ;
\nl\u2019humidit\u00e9 relative ;
\nla vitesse et la direction du vent ;
\nla n\u00e9bulosit\u00e9 et d\u2019autres variables standard.
\nCes donn\u00e9es sont transmises aux centres m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques en quasi temps r\u00e9el (VOS \u2013 Voluntary Observing Ship) pour enrichir les analyses et pr\u00e9visions, et pour calibrer les satellites. Elles sont \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9es pour interpr\u00e9ter les mesures oc\u00e9anographiques et atmosph\u00e9riques dans leur contexte.<\/p>\n

Mesures oc\u00e9anographiques<\/em><\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un courantom\u00e8tre acoustique \u00e0 effet Doppler (ADCP), il est possible de capter la vitesse et la direction des masses d\u2019eau dans la colonne d\u2019eau, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant la circulation sous-jacente, les fronts, les tourbillons et la complexit\u00e9 des flux dans les premi\u00e8res centaines de m\u00e8tres.<\/p>\n

Une Ferrybox mesure en continu les caract\u00e9ristiques fondamentales de l\u2019eau de surface :<\/p>\n

\u2013 temp\u00e9rature et salinit\u00e9, qui contr\u00f4lent la densit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau et donc la circulation ;
\n\u2013 pH et CO\u2082 dissous, marqueurs des \u00e9changes air-mer et de l\u2019acidification ;
\n\u2013 oxyg\u00e8ne dissous, reflet de la sant\u00e9 biologique des eaux et de leur ventilation ;
\n\u2013 turbidit\u00e9, indicateur des particules en suspension et de la mati\u00e8re organique.<\/p>\n

Ces mesures continues tracent la signature biog\u00e9ochimique des masses d\u2019eau travers\u00e9es et permettent de suivre, en quasi temps r\u00e9el ces variables. Des pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements ponctuels sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019aide de bouteilles Niskin et d\u2019un treuil oc\u00e9anographique. Des profils verticaux de temp\u00e9rature, salinit\u00e9 et de pression sont effectu\u00e9s simultan\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une CTD.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb 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