{"id":8832,"date":"2026-02-25T09:56:48","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T08:56:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/?page_id=8832"},"modified":"2026-02-25T09:57:24","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T08:57:24","slug":"le-muons","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/perseverance\/le-muons\/","title":{"rendered":"Le muons"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb#454156&Prime; scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb id=\u00a0\u00bbintro\u00a0\u00bb row_name=\u00a0\u00bbIntro\u00a0\u00bb color_overlay=\u00a0\u00bb#0a0a0a\u00a0\u00bb color_overlay_2=\u00a0\u00bb#C02020&Prime; 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background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<div>\n<p><b>Le Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance a accueilli le premier d\u00e9tecteur de muons d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 en juin 2023<\/b>.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>CosmicSail <\/b>\u00e0 bord du Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance a deux objectifs :<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u2013 <b>P\u00e9dagogique <\/b>: Sensibilisation au sujet de la physique des particules cosmiques et initiation \u00e0 la d\u00e9marche scientifique<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u2013 <b>Scientifique <\/b>: Compl\u00e9ter les connaissances de la dynamique des muons sur les oc\u00e9ans via la mise en \u00e9vidence des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes qui modulent leur variation et l\u2019utilisation de mod\u00e8les. Pour cela concevoir et r\u00e9aliser des d\u00e9tecteurs \u00e0 muons et les installer sur des voiliers volontaires, ce qui ne s\u2019est jamais fait auparavant.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8833 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/MUONS.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"947\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/MUONS.png 947w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/MUONS-300x124.png 300w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/MUONS-768x318.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 947px) 100vw, 947px\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><i>D\u00e9tecteur de muons en passerelle du Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Premi\u00e8res mesures d\u00e8s 2023<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><i><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Le nombre de d\u00e9tections montre une tendance \u00e0 l&rsquo;augmentation de Marseille au Spitzberg. Cette hausse pourrait \u00eatre influenc\u00e9e par diff\u00e9rents facteurs tels que l&rsquo;effet de la pression, qui est anti corr\u00e9l\u00e9, l&rsquo;effet de la latitude, corr\u00e9l\u00e9, et l&rsquo;effet de la temp\u00e9rature de l&rsquo;air. Des pics de d\u00e9tections ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s lors des soir\u00e9es du 02\/07 et du 05\/07, tandis que des minimums ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s les 24\/06, 04\/07 et 06\/07. Les muons sont d\u00e9tect\u00e9s par un courant (en mV) g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 au niveau du photomultiplicateur (SiPM), avec l&rsquo;amplitude du signal d\u00e9pendant de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie du muon. La majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9tections se situent entre ~500 et 700 mV, et entre ~800 et 1200 mV, avec des valeurs de 3000 mV ou plus enregistr\u00e9es dans des cas plus rares. L&rsquo;augmentation du nombre de d\u00e9tections de Marseille au Spitzberg concerne l&rsquo;ensemble du spectre d&rsquo;\u00e9nergies des muons d\u00e9tect\u00e9s, mais est plus prononc\u00e9e pour les d\u00e9tections sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 1000 mV.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>En synth\u00e8se, le nombre de d\u00e9tections de muons montre une l\u00e9g\u00e8re augmentation de Marseille au Spitzberg, influenc\u00e9e par plusieurs param\u00e8tres tels que la pression, la latitude, l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 solaire et la temp\u00e9rature de l&rsquo;air. Les variations de pression semblent aller dans le sens attendu d&rsquo;une anticorr\u00e9lation avec le nombre de d\u00e9tections, mais cette tendance doit \u00eatre confirm\u00e9e sur une p\u00e9riode plus longue, notamment lors d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements extr\u00eames comme des d\u00e9pressions profondes. Le nombre de d\u00e9tections augmente avec la latitude, mais il est n\u00e9cessaire de d\u00e9terminer quelle part de ces variations est due aux changements de latitude, en utilisant un mod\u00e8le appropri\u00e9.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8834 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/muons_mesures-1024x509.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/muons_mesures-1024x509.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/muons_mesures-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/muons_mesures-768x382.png 768w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/muons_mesures.png 1385w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Exemple de mesures par le d\u00e9tecteur de muons install\u00e9 en passerelle du Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance. Gauche : (en haut, en gris) moyennes horaire des counts\/minute de <\/i><b><i>muons<\/i><\/b><i>. En bleu gras: Moyenne glissante sur 12h. (au milieu) <\/i><b><i>temp\u00e9rature de l\u2019air <\/i><\/b><i>donn\u00e9es horaires d\u2019apr\u00e8s la station m\u00e9t\u00e9o France du bord (en bas) <\/i><b><i>pression atmosph\u00e9rique <\/i><\/b><i>donn\u00e9es horaires d\u2019apr\u00e8s le capteur de P\u00b0 du d\u00e9tecteur de muons. Droite : moyenne horaire du nombre de counts\/minute le long du trajet de Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance du 16\/06 au 20\/09.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Concernant l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 solaire, une tendance \u00e0 la baisse du nombre de d\u00e9tections a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e lors des \u00e9v\u00e9nements identifi\u00e9s. Cependant, l&rsquo;effet peut varier en fonction du type de temp\u00eate solaire, n\u00e9cessitant ainsi des donn\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires sur une p\u00e9riode prolong\u00e9e, notamment lors de temp\u00eates solaires plus intenses. Le nombre de d\u00e9tections est \u00e9galement fortement corr\u00e9l\u00e9 \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature mesur\u00e9e par le capteur. Une comparaison avec la temp\u00e9rature de l&rsquo;air ext\u00e9rieur permettra de distinguer les variations dues aux fluctuations diurnes naturelles de la temp\u00e9rature, connues pour \u00eatre corr\u00e9l\u00e9es \u00e0 la production de muons, de celles caus\u00e9es par les variations de la temp\u00e9rature du capteur.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; 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