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A\u00c9ROSOLS ATMOSPH\u00c9RIQUES<\/span><\/i><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]De novembre 2023 \u00e0 fin f\u00e9vrier 2024, au cours son p\u00e9riple en Antarctique, l\u2019\u00e9quipage du Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 environ 150 mesures photom\u00e9triques, \u00e0 l\u2019aide du photom\u00e8tre manuel Calitoo mis \u00e0 disposition par le Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Atmosph\u00e9rique.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Illustration de mesures effectu\u00e9es \u00e0 bord du Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance avec le photom\u00e8tre Calitoo\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

Cet instrument donne acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9paisseur optique d\u2019extinction des particules atmosph\u00e9riques (AOD) \u00e0 3 longueurs d\u2019onde (465, 540 et 619 nm). L\u2019AOD (ou Aerosol Optical Depth) repr\u00e9sente l\u2019int\u00e9grale du coefficient d\u2019extinction a\u00e9rosol sur toute la colonne atmosph\u00e9rique. Cette quantit\u00e9 est li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019extinction ou att\u00e9nuation du faisceau solaire direct par diffusion (processus majoritaire) et par absorption (processus minoritaire) des a\u00e9rosols.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sa variation spectrale d\u00e9pend principalement de la taille des particules et dans une moindre mesure de leur forme et nature chimique. Environ 90% des donn\u00e9es acquises sont de bonne qualit\u00e9. Dans les 10% de donn\u00e9es rejet\u00e9es, on compte les premi\u00e8res journ\u00e9es, impact\u00e9es par des nuages d\u2019altitude fins et des \u00e9l\u00e9vations solaires trop faibles (<10\u00b0) auxquels les observateurs, en cours de rodage avec l\u2019instrument, n\u2019avaient probablement pas pr\u00eat\u00e9s attention. Quelques donn\u00e9es anormales, d\u00e9tect\u00e9es par des triplets\/doublets instables, ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 rejet\u00e9es. La r\u00e9partition g\u00e9ographique des donn\u00e9es est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e sur les figures 2 et 3. Elle traduit la variabilit\u00e9 dans l\u2019espace et le temps de l\u2019a\u00e9rosol pr\u00e9sent sur toute la colonne atmosph\u00e9rique. Sauf cas de transport d\u2019altitude (troposph\u00e8re libre ou stratosph\u00e8re), les a\u00e9rosols sont situ\u00e9s dans la couche limite plan\u00e9taire dont la hauteur varie avec la saison et diff\u00e9rents facteurs m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques.\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\"\"<\/p>\n

Variabilit\u00e9 spatio-temporelle de l\u2019AOD mesur\u00e9es depuis le Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance (11\/2023-02\/2024). Carte g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e avec GPSvisualizer : <\/i>https:\/\/www.gpsvisualizer.com\/map_input?form=data<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Les donn\u00e9es filtr\u00e9es et corrig\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9es au lien suivant :\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

PERSEVERANCE CAMPAGNE 11\/2023-02\/2024-CNRS\/U-LILLE-LOA\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

L\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es du Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance indique qu\u2019aucun \u00e9v\u00e9nement a\u00e9rosol remarquable n\u2019a affect\u00e9 les r\u00e9gions travers\u00e9es par le Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance au moment o\u00f9 il les a travers\u00e9es. Une recommandation serait de densifier les observations, d\u00e8s que les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques sont r\u00e9unies (en particulier la prise syst\u00e9matique de 3 mesures cons\u00e9cutives, permettant de mieux d\u00e9celer les contamination de fins nuages d\u2019altitude). Il est \u00e9galement souhaitable de poursuivre les mesures au cours des campagnes \u00e0 venir, et \u00e0 terme d\u2019en r\u00e9aliser depuis le Polar Pod pour compl\u00e9ter les mesures de profil a\u00e9rosol du lidar automatique pr\u00e9vu sur cette plateforme. Une version marine du photom\u00e8tre automatique AERONET existe d\u00e9sormais. Une test de faisabilit\u00e9, au cours d\u2019une campagne \u00e0 venir, pourrait \u00eatre envisag\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Enfin, pour illustrer bri\u00e8vement l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de ce type d\u2019observation pour le spatial. L\u2019observation satellite dans ces r\u00e9gions recul\u00e9es demeure difficile \u00e0 \u00e9valuer et parfois tr\u00e8s impr\u00e9cise selon les capteurs consid\u00e9r\u00e9s et la couverture nuageuse. Les figures suivantes pr\u00e9sentent les cartes d\u2019AOD d\u00e9duites du spectrom\u00e8tre am\u00e9ricain MODIS pour le 30\/01 et 01\/02-2024.\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\"\"<\/p>\n

AOD MODIS \u00e0 550 nm (30\/01\/2024). Source NASA-Worldview\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

Une nouvelle \u00e9tape de la collaboration avec l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Lille a \u00e9t\u00e9 franchie avec l\u2019installation d\u2019un photom\u00e8tre automatis\u00e9 sur le portique arri\u00e8re. Une pr\u00e9-visite a eu lieu en avril 2024 pendant l\u2019arr\u00eate technique du navire, suivie de nombreuses it\u00e9rations pour une installation termin\u00e9e en mars 2025. Ce type d\u2019instrument n\u2019avait encore jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 sur voilier.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Le Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance <\/i>est le premier voilier \u00e9quip\u00e9 d\u2019un photom\u00e8tre solaire et, \u00e0 ce titre, est d\u00e9sormais int\u00e9gr\u00e9 au r\u00e9seau AERONET <\/b>(AErosol RObotic NETwork) dans sa composante maritime. Ce programme international, coordonn\u00e9 par la NASA <\/b>et le projet PHOTONS <\/b>(PHOtom\u00e9trie pour le Traitement Op\u00e9rationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire \u2014 Universit\u00e9 de Lille, CNES, CNRS-INSU), regroupe des instruments de t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection au sol et embarqu\u00e9s, destin\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des a\u00e9rosols atmosph\u00e9riques.\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\"\"Le Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance participe plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e0 la Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN), une branche du r\u00e9seau AERONET d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 la collecte de mesures d\u2019\u00e9paisseur optique des a\u00e9rosols (AOD) au-dessus des oc\u00e9ans. Les mesures sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un photom\u00e8tre Microtops II, r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 bord de navires de recherche ou de commerce pour am\u00e9liorer la couverture oc\u00e9anique en donn\u00e9es atmosph\u00e9riques.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce type de mission permet d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir des donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9cieuses dans des r\u00e9gions maritimes souvent peu couvertes par les stations fixes au sol. Les observations sont trait\u00e9es et class\u00e9es selon les niveaux de qualit\u00e9 d\u00e9finis par AERONET (niveaux 1.0 \u00e0 2.0), puis mises \u00e0 disposition de la communaut\u00e9 scientifique via les plateformes AERONET <\/b>et PHOTONS<\/b>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab <\/b>Le r\u00e9seau AERONET permet, depuis 1993, de mesurer, \u00e9tudier et comprendre, depuis le sol, par t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection passive, la variabilit\u00e9 des param\u00e8tres a\u00e9rosols, de d\u00e9tecter d\u2019\u00e9ventuels changements et d\u2019aider \u00e0 quantifier leurs multiples impacts sur la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air et le climat. Les variables mesur\u00e9es sont tr\u00e8s utilis\u00e9es pour les validations spatiales, des mod\u00e8les, les climatologies a\u00e9rosols et synergies instrumentales. \u00bb <\/b>extrait tir\u00e9 du site CNRS.\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\"\"Sch\u00e9ma d’organisation et de circulation des donn\u00e9es : les donn\u00e9es sont enregistr\u00e9es localement sur le PC embarqu\u00e9, puis transmises automatiquement au LOA (Lille) \u00e0 une fr\u00e9quence horaire, sous r\u00e9serve de connexion.\u00a0<\/span><\/i>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]La contribution du Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance s\u2019inscrit dans l\u2019objectif global du r\u00e9seau : fournir une base de donn\u00e9es homog\u00e8ne, de longue dur\u00e9e et en libre acc\u00e8s, pour la validation des capteurs satellitaires, l\u2019\u00e9tude des processus climatiques li\u00e9s aux a\u00e9rosols, et la collaboration entre laboratoires du monde entier.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Suivi en temps r\u00e9el des mesures acquises par le Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance <\/i>: site web<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb6550″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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