{"id":9015,"date":"2026-03-11T10:07:02","date_gmt":"2026-03-11T09:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/?page_id=9015"},"modified":"2026-03-11T10:11:22","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T09:11:22","slug":"la-faune-marine","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/fr\/encyclopedie-polaire\/la-faune-marine\/","title":{"rendered":"LA FAUNE MARINE"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb#454156&Prime; scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb id=\u00a0\u00bbintro\u00a0\u00bb row_name=\u00a0\u00bbIntro\u00a0\u00bb color_overlay=\u00a0\u00bb#0a0a0a\u00a0\u00bb color_overlay_2=\u00a0\u00bb#C02020&Prime; 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background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb5\/6&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">LA FAUNE MARINE<\/span><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; 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icon_linea=\u00a0\u00bbicon-basic-printer\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<strong>Environ 32 000 esp\u00e8ces de poissons<\/strong> parcourent les oc\u00e9ans, parmi lesquels 300 seulement vivent au sud de la convergence antarctique (60\u00b0S). Si les esp\u00e8ces qui vivent \u00e0 grande profondeur occupent d\u2019immenses r\u00e9gions sous-marines tout autour de la plan\u00e8te \u2013 car leur niche \u00e9cologique reste identique -, les esp\u00e8ces qui ne s\u2019\u00e9loignent gu\u00e8re des talus continentaux (quelques centaines de m\u00e8tres de profondeur) sont fortement end\u00e9miques, profitant d\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes particuliers en bordure des \u00eeles et du continent.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9017\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE02-300x291.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE02-300x291.png 300w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE02.png 760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff5b00;\">LES POISSONS OSSEUX<\/span><\/h3>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Les poissons osseux<\/strong> (Ost\u00e9ichthyens) des r\u00e9gions antarctiques et subantarctiques, de loin les plus abondants, sont de petite taille (pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 mesurent moins de 25 cm, bien que Dissostichus eleginoides d\u00e9passe 2 m). Leur croissance est plus lente que celle des esp\u00e8ces froides du nord et leur maturit\u00e9 sexuelle tardive (souvent plus de cinq ans).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<p class=\"text-primary\"><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Les Notothenias<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"> sont les poissons les plus fr\u00e9quents (2\/3 des esp\u00e8ces), suivis des Channichthys ou poissons des glaces. Les premiers (calandres, l\u00e9gines, bocasses) sont surtout s\u00e9dentaires et d\u00e9mersaux (ce qui, en termes de p\u00eache, signifie vivant pr\u00e8s du fond, sur les bordures continentales). Quelques esp\u00e8ces sont particuli\u00e8rement adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 la vie en eau proche du niveau de cong\u00e9lation de l\u2019eau de mer (environ \u2013 2 \u00b0C) : leur organisme fabrique un antigel naturel. Les Channichthys, ainsi que les esp\u00e8ces voisines de la m\u00eame famille, au corps d\u00e9pourvu d\u2019\u00e9cailles, pr\u00e9sentent la particularit\u00e9, unique chez les vert\u00e9br\u00e9s, de poss\u00e9der un sang priv\u00e9 d\u2019h\u00e9moglobine. Tous ces poissons sont inconnus dans l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re nord.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9016\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE01-300x178.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE01-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE01.png 726w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<div id=\"especes-cartilagineuses\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff5b00;\">ESP\u00c8CES CARTILAGINEUSES<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Quelques<strong> esp\u00e8ces cartilagineuses<\/strong> (Chondrichthyens) vivent \u00e9galement dans ces eaux froides. Les requins, peu communs ici, ne sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s que par 5 esp\u00e8ces de fond. Les raies, au nombre de 4 esp\u00e8ces, sont fr\u00e9quentes et constituent une part non-n\u00e9gligeable des poissons antarctiques.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9018\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE03-256x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"256\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE03-256x300.png 256w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE03.png 730w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]Outre les poissons, <strong>les c\u00e9phalopodes p\u00e9lagiques et benthique<\/strong>s repr\u00e9sentent une part importante de la biomasse oc\u00e9anique australe, et leur place pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rante dans le r\u00e9seau trophique de ces r\u00e9gions est aujourd\u2019hui reconnue.<br \/>\nIls ne sont encore que partiellement r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s. Les deux grands ordres sont les calmars (corps fusiforme termin\u00e9 par deux nageoires et bouche entour\u00e9e de dix bras \u00e0 ventouses, dont deux tentacules, parfois tr\u00e8s longs, servent \u00e0 capturer les proies) et les poulpes ou pieuvres (corps rond et ramass\u00e9, \u00e0 huit bras partiellement reli\u00e9s par une peau, l\u2019ombrelle).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Dans les eaux qui entourent la Terre de Feu, l\u2019archipel de l\u2019extr\u00eame sud de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique, <\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\">un crustac\u00e9 est particuli\u00e8rement abondant<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"> : le \u00ab crabe royal \u00bb ou centolla, en fait une lithode, plus proche des bernard-l&rsquo;ermite (Anomoures) que des vrais crabes (Brachyoures).<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9019\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE04-233x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"233\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE04-233x300.png 233w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE04-768x989.png 768w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FAUNE04.png 778w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]Sur les fonds antarctiques, une centaine d\u2019esp\u00e8ces de bivalves, sur les 10 000 existantes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9es et 350 esp\u00e8ces de gast\u00e9ropodes, sur les 20 000 marines connues. <strong>Mollusques, \u00e9chinodermes, \u00e9ponges, cnidaires, crustac\u00e9s<\/strong> (isopodes, amphipodes, lithodes, mais pas de crabes) ont colonis\u00e9 les fonds antarctiques. Cette faune benthique est surtout abondante sous la banquise (apports terrig\u00e8nes enrichissants), bien que les faibles fonds (moins de 15 m\u00e8tres) soient p\u00e9riodiquement racl\u00e9s par les glaces flottantes.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff5b00;\">POUR PLUS DE D\u00c9TAILS<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Livres<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pour la Science n\u00b0 111<\/li>\n<li>Livre de Greenpeace (May)<\/li>\n<li>Grand Atlas Universalis de la Mer<\/li>\n<li>Fiches FAO (Hureau)<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; 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