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background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb5\/6&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">LA CALOTTE ANTARCTIQUE<\/span><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; 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icon_linea=\u00a0\u00bbicon-basic-printer\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9393\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte01-300x119.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte01-300x119.png 300w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte01.png 371w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]Le Polar POD ne sera jamais loin, mais jamais pr\u00e8s non plus de ce grand colosse de glace. Peut-\u00eatre que l\u2019\u00e9quipage d\u2019un coup de jumelles, apercevra sur les c\u00f4tes du continent, des falaises bleut\u00e9es stri\u00e9es de brun, qui dominent la mer derri\u00e8re un \u00e9cran de brume. Cette gigantesque part de mille-feuilles tranch\u00e9e net au couteau est une vision en coupe des bords de l&rsquo;immense calotte glaciaire antarctique, r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement raviv\u00e9s par la perte de fragments qui s&rsquo;effondrent dans la mer.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ff6b1a;\">CE QU&rsquo;IL FAUT SAVOIR :<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>La calotte glaciaire antarctique<\/strong> a des dimensions gigantesques. Trente millions de km\u00b2 d&rsquo;eau sont retenus ici : 90 % de toute la glace terrestre ! \u00c0 l&rsquo;Est, la couche atteint 4 800 m au point le plus \u00e9pais (69\u00b054&rsquo;S, 135\u00b012&rsquo;E) et sa base s&rsquo;enfonce \u00e0 2 550 m au-dessous du niveau de la mer dans la d\u00e9pression du socle la plus importante, la fosse de Bentley. En revanche, au D\u00f4me Argus, la calotte ne mesure que 1 000 m d&rsquo;\u00e9paisseur malgr\u00e9 une altitude de 4 000 m, car \u00e0 cet endroit-l\u00e0, elle recouvre totalement une montagne sous-glaciaire : le massif Gamburtsev. Cette calotte continentale ou islandsis, est in\u00e9galement r\u00e9partie. La portion qui recouvre l&rsquo;Antarctique de l&rsquo;Est (que l\u2019on peut appeler la calotte de l\u2019Est) s&rsquo;\u00e9tend sur 10 millions de Km\u00b2 tandis que la calotte Ouest est 5 fois plus r\u00e9duite et 2 fois moins \u00e9paisse. Les glaciers de la P\u00e9ninsule et toutes les plates-formes glaciaires flottantes, des prolongements de l&rsquo;inlandsis, ne totalisent que 2 millions de Km\u00b2.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9394 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte02-234x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte02-234x300.png 234w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte02-800x1024.png 800w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte02-768x983.png 768w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte02.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>La calotte polaire antarctique et ses principaux bassins ; en bas, coupe transversale montrant l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation de la calotte et du socle rocheux (F. R\u00e9my\/LEGOS). C\u00e9cile Agosta<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<strong>L&rsquo;amoncellement de glace<\/strong> s&rsquo;est \u00e9paissi au cours des mill\u00e9naires pass\u00e9s, en suivant les variations globales du climat terrestre. Lors d&rsquo;un maximum glaciaire par exemple, le niveau marin s&rsquo;abaisse et le volume de la calotte augmente. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, un r\u00e9chauffement du climat r\u00e9duit la surface g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la calotte \u2013 tant par la fonte que par l&rsquo;effritement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 des plates-formes \u2013 mais, en m\u00eame temps, l&rsquo;augmentation des pr\u00e9cipitations l&rsquo;\u00e9paississent plus rapidement. On peut dire que chaque ann\u00e9e, 2 000 km\u00b3 de neige sont ainsi rajout\u00e9s \u00e0 la calotte antarctique et qu&rsquo;une \u00e9gale quantit\u00e9 doit, grosso modo, s&rsquo;\u00e9vacuer en mer par v\u00ealage (rupture et formation d\u2019un iceberg) des glaciers et plates-formes de glace situ\u00e9s sur la c\u00f4te. La neige fra\u00eeche se tasse progressivement au fur et \u00e0 mesure qu&rsquo;elle s&rsquo;enfonce sous les couches successives et les bulles d&rsquo;air emprisonn\u00e9es disparaissent peu \u00e0 peu sous le poids (\u00e0 3 000 m, la pression est de 300 t\/m2 !). Une glace, dite de n\u00e9v\u00e9, se forme entre 50 et 100 m, puis le glacier se consolide tout en se \u00ab feuilletant \u00bb en profondeur.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9395 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte03-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte03-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte03-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte03-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte03-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte03-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte03-900x600.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Les chercheurs estiment qu&rsquo;environ 10% des terres sur terre sont recouvertes par les glaciers. Photo \u00a9 Florian Ledoux<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbcustom\u00a0\u00bb column_margin_custom=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb2%\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9396 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte04-300x257.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte04-300x257.png 300w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte04-1024x876.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte04-768x657.png 768w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte04-1536x1314.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.polarpod.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/calotte04-2048x1752.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Les glaces de l&rsquo;Islandais s&rsquo;\u00e9coulent de plus en plus rapidement des points culminants jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la c\u00f4te.<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]<strong>La glace n&rsquo;est pas immobile<\/strong> : elle s&rsquo;\u00e9coule vers la mer \u00e0 la vitesse de quelques millim\u00e8tres par an au c\u0153ur des terres et jusqu\u2019\u00e0 4 km par an \u00e0 la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie. Cet \u00e9coulement lent s&rsquo;effectue par d\u00e9formation des couches, comme une cire : les particules de glace \u00ab descendent \u00bb tout en se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant. Localement, les glaciers, v\u00e9ritables drains de la calotte install\u00e9s dans les creux du relief, sont beaucoup plus rapides : de l&rsquo;eau de fonte s\u00e9pare la glace du roc favorisant ainsi le glissement. Le glacier le plus grand (du monde) est le Lambert, dans les monts du Prince Charles : il mesure 400 km de long sur 40 km de large. Le plus rapide est le Shirase, qui progresse de plus de 5 m\u00e8tres par jour. En moyenne, la neige tomb\u00e9e au centre du continent met 500 000 ans pour atteindre la mer. Au cours de ces d\u00e9placements, si la glace passe sur une bosse du socle, la surface se fendille en un jeu de crevasses d&rsquo;une quarantaine de m\u00e8tres de profondeur ; recouverts de ponts de neige, ces ab\u00eemes tendent de terribles pi\u00e8ges aux explorateurs. Aujourd&rsquo;hui, les mouvements de la calotte et sa structure sont \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par satellite. Comme dans les glaciers de montagne, les rocs transport\u00e9s s&rsquo;accumulent sous forme de moraines. La recherche de m\u00e9t\u00e9orites tomb\u00e9es de l&rsquo;espace et concentr\u00e9es \u00e0 certains endroits par les glaces a fourni d&rsquo;exceptionnelles collections.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb row_position_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb row_position_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb pointer_events=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text css=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<div id=\"propositions-d-activites\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<div class=\"grid flex-justify-space-between\">\n<div class=\"col-l-8\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"grid pt-header flex-align-center\">\n<div class=\"col-m-8\">\n<div>\n<p><strong>L\u2019Antarctique est aujourd\u2019hui tr\u00e8s impact\u00e9e par le r\u00e9chauffement climatique.<\/strong> Le groupe d\u2019experts intergouvernemental sur l\u2019\u00e9volution du climat (GIEC) indique que la calotte perd environ 150 milliards de tonnes de glace chaque ann\u00e9e et ce chiffre augmente ann\u00e9es apr\u00e8s ann\u00e9es. La partie de l\u2019Ouest est la plus impact\u00e9e par l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de courants chauds qui viennent faire fondre les grandes plates-formes de glace. Qu\u2019en est-il du futur ? Pour un r\u00e9chauffement plan\u00e9taire d\u2019environ 2 \u00b0C, L\u2019Antarctique de l\u2019Ouest s\u2019engage dans un effondrement partiel en raison de l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 de la calotte glaciaire marine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<p>Entre 6 et 9 \u00b0C, plus de 70 % du volume de glace est vou\u00e9 \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"text-primary\">Propositions d\u2019activit\u00e9s:<\/h3>\n<div id=\"propositions-d-activites\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<p><strong>La calotte antarctique<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Comment la neige se transforme-t-elle en glace ? Quel est l&rsquo;effet de fa pression dans ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne ?<\/li>\n<li>Pourquoi n&rsquo;y a-t-il pas de calotte glaciaire au p\u00f4le Nord ?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pour-plus-de-details\" class=\"pt-header\">\n<h3 class=\"text-primary\"><i class=\"icon icon-pp-add\"><\/i>\u00a0Pour plus de d\u00e9tails :<\/h3>\n<p>Livres\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Antarctique, d\u00e9sert de glace (Lorius)<\/li>\n<li>Glaces de l\u2019Antarctique \u2013 C. Lorius.<\/li>\n<li>La Voix des p\u00f4les \u2013 L. Lescarmontier.<\/li>\n<li>Salut au grand Sud \u2013 I. Autissier &amp; E. Orsenna.<\/li>\n<li>Vostok, le dernier secret de l\u2019Antarctique \u2013 JR Petit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Divers :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blogs des hivernants de l\u2019institut polaire : <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240718120512\/https:\/\/institut-polaire.fr\/fr\/blogs\/\">institut-polaire.fr<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; 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